FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a network protocol that allows computers to transfer files using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections. File Transfer Protocol is classified as an application protocol inside the TCP/IP series. Users granted access to the File Transmit Protocol server (also known as File Transfer Protocol host/site) can receive and transfer files. FTP was one of the earliest technologies designed to address this general requirement. Despite multiple generations of improvements, it is still the second most prevalent protocol used today, following HTTP.

The end user’s system is commonly referred to as the local host in an FTP transmission. A remote host, generally a server, is the second system participating in File Transfer Protocol. Both computers must be network-connected and correctly set up to transmit data over FTP. To access these services, servers must be configured to execute FTP services, and clients should have FTP software installed. Although moving data from one device to another is simple and uncomplicated, it can occasionally cause issues. Two systems, for example, may have distinct file conventions. It may represent text and data differently in two systems. The directory of the two systems may be different. The File Transfer Protocol protocol solves these issues by creating two links between hosts. One link is used for data transport, while the other is for controlling.

FTP modes:

Active mode: When a client requests a session over a command channel, the server establishes a data connection with the client and starts sending data.

Passive mode: The server uses the command channel to deliver the user the relevant data required to start a data channel. Since the client initiates all connections in passive mode, it works efficiently through firewalls and network addresses.

FTP is a network protocol that allows large-scale file transfers across IP networks. Other systems, like mail or an HTTP web service, can manage file and data transmission without File Transfer Protocol, but they lack the clarity of emphasis, accuracy, and control that FTP provides.

Uses of FTP:

Backup: Backup services or individuals can utilize File Transfer Protocol to recover data from one place to a secure backup server that offers File Transfer Protocol services.

Replication: Replication, like backup, involves duplicating files from one device to another, but it takes a complete approach to give greater availability and resilience. File Transfer Protocol is also used to help with this.

Access to data and loading: File Transfer Protocol is also often used to connect to shared web hosting and cloud hosting as a method of loading data into a distant server.

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Advantages of FTP:

• Speed: One of the most important aspects of FTP is its speed. File Transfer Protocol is one of the quickest methods for transferring data from one device to another.

• Efficient: It is also more efficient since we do not have to do all processes to obtain the whole file.

• Security: To access the FTP server, we must enter credentials. As a result, we may conclude that FTP is safer.

• File transfer: FTP enables us to transmit data back and forth. You can transmit some data to someone who returns information to the same server.

Disadvantages of FTP:

• It is a basic industry requirement that all FTP communications be encrypted. However, not all FTP providers are created equal, and not all providers support encryption. As a result, we will need to hunt for File Transfer Protocol services that offer encryption.

• FTP performs two functions: sending and receiving huge files over a network. However, the maximum file size that may transfer is 2GB. It also does not support simultaneous transmissions to many receivers.

• Credentials and data content are transferred in clear text, allowing for unauthorized eavesdropping. As a result, attackers may be able to carry out a brute – force attacks by attempting to determine the File Transfer Protocol credentials.

• It may not be compatible with all types of systems.